Notes

1. Please refer to my forthcoming webpage “What is the Aryan Migration Theory” at http://vishalagarwal.voiceofdharma.com/articles/indhistory/whatisamt.htm



2. "Something of this fear of the horse and of the thundering chariot, the "tank" of the 2nd millennium B.C. is transparent in the famous horse 'Dadhikra' of the Puru king Trasadasya ("Tremble enemy"" in RV 4.38.8) -- Pg. 114 of M. Witzel; Early Indian History: Linguistic and Textual Parameters; in Erdosy, George (Ed); The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Walter de Gryuter; Berlin; 1995



3. "The first appearance of thundering chariots must have stricken the local population with terror similar to that experienced by the Aztecs and the Incas upon the arrival of the iron-clad, horse riding Spaniards."-- ibid


4. " Not only the language, but also the culture of the newly arrived elite was appropriated, including the 'Vedic Tank' the horse drawn chariot"-- pg. 109, ibid

5." This tedious work, notably that of rice cultivation which first becomes visible in the Atharvaveda, was apparently carried out by the local population and not by the Aryan cattle herders themselves.” [Ref. 8; pg. xx.]



6. "The immigrating group(s) may have been relatively small one(s), such as the Normans who came to England in 1066 and who nearly turned England into a French speaking country......the immigrating clans may have looked like Bactrians, Afghanis or Kashmiris, and must have been racially submerged quickly in the population of the Punjab, just like the later immigrants whose staging area was in Bactria as well: the Saka, Kusana, Huns etc.- However, the introduction of the horse and especially of the horse drawn chariot was a powerful weapon in the hands of the Indo-Aryans. It must have helped to secure military and political dominance even if some of the local
elite were indeed quick to introduce the new cattle based economy and the weapon, the horse drawn chariot,- just as the Near Eastern peoples did on a much larger and planned scale". Michael Witzel on pg. xxii of F. B. J Kuiper: Selected Writings on Linguistics and Philology; Ed. by Witzel, Michael; Lubotsky, Alexander and Oort, M. S.; Rodipi; Atlanta/Amsterdam; 1997



7. In the original message, the word aayu was spelt incorrectly advertently as saayu. This error was pointed out by Dr. Cardona himself, and has therefore been incorporated in the citation in the present article.



8. The Indology List is available at
 http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/indology.html
It was founded by Dr. Dominik Wujastyk and due to his personal prejudices, Eurocentric, pan-Islamic, Dravidian Nationalist, Marxist and anti –Hindu messages are tolerated quite well. Any attempt to question the standard paradigms of mainstream Indology are suppressed and dubbed as ‘Hindutva’ or ‘Indian Nationalist’ and list members are often expelled. As of now, the list has 600 members from all over the world although it is not really representative due to the absence of archaeologists, many noted Indologists themselves, and representatives of ‘non-mainstream’ Indology. There is indeed however a preponderance of Dravidian Nationalists and there is even a pan-Islamist. Curiously, all the members expelled by Wujastyk so far have been Indians, although the list has a very good proportion of non-Indians. Due to continuous bickering among members, the list was closed down on 16 April 2001 and instead, a new, un-moderated last was started at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/indology



9. The relevant Note reads: “I take this opportunity to apologize for the innumerable printing mistakes in my two papers in that volume; mistakes that seem to indicate that I even lost competence of my mother tongue, German. At my request, the text was rewritten and corrected by the volume editor but my corrections were, for most part, not carried out” in fn. 21, pg. 262 of Witzel, M.; The Vedic Cannon and its Political Milieu; in Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts (ed. Witzel, M.); Harvard University; Cambridge; 1997



10. The diacritical marks in the original publication could not be reproduced due to the limitations of my word processor. The omission does not affect the content and the conclusion of this article in any manner.